Periodization of musical culture is a complex issue that can be viewed from different positions depending on the selected criteria. But the most important factors in the transformation of music are the forms and conditions in which it functions.
From this point of view, the periodization of musical culture is as follows:
- Enjoying natural sounds (music in nature). At this stage there is still no art, but aesthetic perception is already present. The sounds of nature as such are not music, but perceived by man they become it. At this stage, the person discovered the ability to enjoy these sounds.
- Applied music. It accompanied work, was its component, especially when it comes to collective work. Music becomes part of everyday life.
- Rite of passage. Music becomes the accompaniment not only of labor, but of every important rite.
- Isolation of the artistic component from the ritual and religious complex and the acquisition of independent aesthetic value.
- Separation from the artistic complex of individual parts, including music.
Stages of music formation
This periodization of musical culture allows us to distinguish three stages of music formation:
- The inclusion of musicality in human activity, the first manifestations of musicality;
- Early forms of music accompany games, rituals and labor, as well as singing, dancing and theatrical performances. Music is inseparable from word and movement.
- Formation of instrumental music as an independent art form.
Approval of instrumental autonomous music
The periodization of musical culture does not end with the formation of instrumental autonomous music. This process was completed in the XVI-XVII centuries. This allowed the musical language and logic to develop further. Bach and his works - one of the milestones in the development of musical art. Here, for the first time, the independent logic of music and its ability to interact with other types of art was fully manifested. However, before the 18th century, the forms of music were interpreted from the perspective of musical rhetoric, which largely depended on literary standards.
The next stage in the development of music is the period of the Viennese classicism. At this time, the flowering of symphonic art. The works of Beethoven demonstrated how music conveys the complex spiritual life of man.
During the period romanticism There were various trends in the music. At the same time, musical art develops as an autonomous form, and instrumental miniatures that characterize the emotional life of the 19th century appear. Thanks to this, new forms were developed that are able to flexibly reflect individual experiences. At the same time, musical images become clearer and more specific, as the new bourgeois public demanded clarity and vitality of the contents, and the updated musical language tried to be as much as possible included in artistic forms. An example of this is Wagner's operas, works by Schubert and Schumann.
In the 20th century, music continues to evolve in two directions, which seem to be opposite. On the one hand, it is the mastering of new specific musical means, the abstraction of music from life content. On the other hand, the development of art forms with the use of music, in which new connections and images of music are developed, and its language becomes more specific.
On the way of cooperation and competition of all areas of musical art are further human discoveries in this area.
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